In the archipelago of Zanzibar, the sea is a constant presence – a source of livelihood, food and transport. Yet, for generations, deep-rooted cultural and religious norms have created a silent barrier, preventing a significant portion of the population from engaging with the ocean: women and girls. The inability to swim in a region so defined by its waters is not just a recreational gap; it’s a critical safety issue and a stark reflection of gender inequality.
Historically, conservative dress codes and modesty practices have made learning to swim socially inaccessible for many women. This has left them vulnerable, especially when using boats for transport or working near the water. The consequence is a heightened risk of drowning, a leading cause of death in the region. As reported by the World Health Organisation, with over 90% of deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries, often where daily life involves contact with water.
Empowerment through a culturally-sensitive framework
Recognising this urgent need, local Zanzibari NGOs have pioneered a powerful solution. Organisations like the Panje Project are challenging the status quo by focusing on enabling women through education. Their model is brilliantly tailored to the community: they train local women to become certified swimming instructors.
This approach is transformative. By having female teachers, they create a safe, supportive, and culturally respectful environment where students feel comfortable. The programmes often provide modest, full-coverage swimwear (like burkinis), removing a significant practical and social obstacle. This focus on cultural sensitivity is crucial for the programme’s acceptance and success, as highlighted in this Pulitzer Centre report on the initiative.
More than just a life skill
The impact of these swimming classes ripples far beyond the water’s edge.
- Safety and survival: Participants gain an essential life-saving skill, directly reducing the risk of drowning for themselves and their future children.
- Confidence and agency: Mastering a physical skill that was once off-limits builds immense self-esteem and a sense of personal power. As one participant shared: “Learning to swim has given me freedom that I never imagined possible. It’s not just about the water–it’s about believing in myself.”
- Economic opportunity: Training as a swimming instructor opens up new career paths for women, offering them financial independence and a respected role within their community.
- Shifting gender norms: These programmes quietly but powerfully challenge restrictive gender roles. When women claim their place in the water, they demonstrate their capability and right to safety and mobility.
A visual testament to freedom
The powerful visual story of this movement has been captured by photographer Anna Boyiazis in her acclaimed series, “Finding Freedom in the Water.” Her stunning images provide a poignant glimpse into the joy and liberation experienced by these women as they learn to swim.
The ripple effect continues
The swimming empowerment programmes in Zanzibar are a testament to how targeted, respectful initiatives can create profound social change. They are not just teaching women to float; they are teaching them to rise. By equipping women with both a practical skill and unshakable confidence, these initiatives are forging a new tide of gender equality, proving that when you enable women to empower themselves, an entire community is empowered.
This piece was written for the October 2025 edition of Postscripts, Shamillah Wilson’s monthly round-up of what’s been happening in feminist circles, her work, and some recommended reading suggestions.
